Steneberg et al. (2005) [44] proposed that GPR40 is indirectly responsible for hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance, whereas other researchers reported that NEFA-induced hyperinsulinemia represents a mechanism by which β-cells attempt to compensate for the insulin resistance because this ability is compromised by GPR40 deletion [45, 46]. Here, FFAR1 is linked to hyperinsulinism.