Additionally, several genetic variations of SOD1 polymorphism have been associated with diabetes and diabetic complications.249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254 One study implicated a role for AGE/RAGE signaling in DM-mediated vascular calcification through activation of Nox-1 and decreased expression of SOD1, which increased oxidative stress.255. Here, SOD1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.