PNPLA3 and diabetes mellitus: Kogiso et al. studied 272 Japanese patients with diabetes and found that the frequency of the risk allele G of PNPLA3 gene was not different between the diabetic and non-diabetic subjects even if the diabetic patients with the GG genotype have a lower reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level after starting the antidiabetic treatment (10).