A large number of studies have found that the several gene variants for PNPLA3, TM6SF2, glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR), lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1), or membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) significantly increase the risk of NAFLD (19). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.