GSK3B and Alzheimer disease: For instance, it has been reported that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine kinase, is increased in the periphery white blood cells of AD and MCI patients (Hye et al., 2005), and activation of GSK-3β promotes tau hyperphosphorylation (Plattner et al., 2006) and Aβ toxicity (Yi et al., 2018).