HMGB1 and HIV infectious disease: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of T cells or monocytes and the Ebola virus (EBOV) infection of myeloid cells have also been shown to upregulate certain proteins in EVs; the former could enhance the level of certain cell cycle-related proteins [e.g., cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) or high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in EVs (Barclay et al., 2019)], and the latter could induce a large number of immune-related molecules [e.g., ribonucleic binding proteins (RBP) and cytokines (Pleet et al., 2018)].