IFNL1 and infection: Based on those Ku properties, it was apparent that Ku70 induces activation of IFN-λ1 and that Ku70 recognizes intracellular DNA by DNA transfection or infection with a DNA virus, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), without any restriction in structure or sequence (Zhang et al., 2011a).