In OSCC, the application of Poly(I:C), an agonist of TLR3, reduced drug efflux by inhibiting ABC transporters in tumor cells, activated immune cells in TME, induced delayed tumor cell apoptosis that based on caspase3 pathway, and enhanced the anti-cancer effect of low-dose cisplatin with reduced adverse side effects (102). This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and neoplasm.