applied the Methylation 450K BeadChip array and showed that four epigenetically regulated candidate genes [adherens junctions associated protein 1 (AJAP1), adenosine deaminase RNA specific B2 (ADARB2), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N2 (PTPRN2), and sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1 (SDK1)] were potentially involved in the pathogenesis of HCC (34). This evidence concerns the gene SDK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.