Plasma exosomes from PCa and CTR were characterized for number and size distribution by NTA (Figure 1), for the expression of exosome housekeeping markers by Western blot analysis (CD81, Tsg 101 and Alix, Supplementary Figure S1) (35, 36), and for the contemporary expression of exosome housekeeping markers (CD9 and CD81) and PSA by Nanoscale Flow Cytometry (Supplementary Figure S2) (35, 36). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.