Also, it inhibits the lipid from accumulating in human monocytes and inhibits macrophages from cell transformation by suppressing the TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion and the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), vascular cell adhesion molecule -1 (VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM -1) on the endothelium. These adhesion molecules' expression plays an important role to regulate atherosclerosis [39-40]. Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.