For colitis, mainly EPS and extracellular vesicles, but also lactate, they have been described to have an anti-inflammatory role against a variety of acute inflammatory insults: DSS (dextran sulfate sodium), TNFα, FliC (flagellin), IL-1β, and TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is colitis.