Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunctions released in the sera of anti-MDA5 DM patients include endothelin, thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor, von Willebrand factor (vWF), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (106, 107). This evidence concerns the gene VWF and endothelial dysfunction.