Primary MR results (Figure 2) demonstrated that there was no causal relationship between GDF15 and MS (OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90-1.04; p = 0.33); neither did the causal effect of IGF1 (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94-1.19; p = 0.35), IGFBP3 (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92-1.11; p = 0.77), or VEGF (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.06; p = 0.84) on MS reach nominal significance. Here, IGF1 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.