Additionally, some cytokine signals were also important for CSCs; for example, IL33 could mediate stem cell genes to stimulate cell sphere formation and increase tumor resistance to chemoradiotherapy, and IL33 activated OCT3/4, NOTCH3, and NANOG and enhanced transcription factor (TF) c-Jun that binds to the promoters of hub stem-cell-related genes (19). Here, IL33 is linked to neoplasm.