The administration of a mixture of SCFAs attenuated colonic inflammation and improved disease activity index, suppressing the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα and IL-17 in BALB/c mice with AOM/DSS-induced CRC; the mixture also reduced the tumor incidence and size (Tian et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to colorectal carcinoma.