SERPINE1 and diabetes mellitus: In contrast, a significant difference in SERPINE1 antibody levels was observed in the aCI group in addition to the previously reported atherosclerotic risk factors such as old age; presence of hypertension, DM, and hyperlipidemia; and antibody level ≥ 1857 counts, which were identified as independent predictors in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (Table 5)42–46.