The results showed that GST-SERPINE1 protein detected by anti-GST and anti-SERPINE1 antibodies was recognized by serum antibodies from the patients with aCI and those who had TIA, but not by those from HDs, thereby demonstrating the presence of anti-SERPINE1 antibodies in the sera of patients with stroke (Fig. 1, Supplementary Fig. S2). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and stroke disorder.