TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Specifically, network hub proteins (e.g., AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL-6, JUN, SRC, EGFR, HSP90AA1, VEGF, and CASP3) and certain signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications) were found to be associated with mechanisms linked to JDTL anti-T2DM effects.