,30 To investigate this in NSCLC, we generated a 13-gene CD8+ T effector cell phenotypic immune activation (IA) signature consisting of a core set of cytotoxic effector molecules (IFN-γ, GMZA, GZMB, GZMK, PRF1, GNLY), markers of activation (IL-2, PDCD1 (PD-1), CD274 (PD-L1), and CTLA4) together with infiltration (CXCR3) and homeostatic regulation (IL7R or CD127). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.