IGF1R and melanoma: In colorectal cancer cells, curcumol promoted cell death through the IGF-1R and p38 MAPK pathways [39]; in melanoma, curcumol inhibited cell proliferative ability and metastasis through the PI3K/AKT and ERK/NF-kappa B pathways [11], while in gastric adenocarcinoma cells curcumol downregulated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [40].