We quantified the expression of Casp9 and other apoptosis-associated genes in a variety of kidney disease models, including the folic acid (FA)–induced kidney fibrosis, the uninephrectomy and streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetes (UNx-STZ), renal aging, UUO, podocyte-specific expression of APOL1 risk variant–induced glomerulosclerosis (APOL1) and the cisplatin-induced toxic AKI (Cis) models (34–36). This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and diabetes mellitus.