SIRT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Mechanically, the deacetylation of PGC-1α or FOXO1 modulated by SIRT1 is tightly linked with enhanced transcriptional activation in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, resulting in increased hepatic glucose production and further contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes (Rodgers et al., 2005; Puigserver et al., 1998; Feige and Auwerx, 2007).