BECN1 and injury: The most common mechanisms for upregulating the autophagic flux after traumatic brain injury include the following: increased levels of Beclin 1 protein and a decrease in the Beclin-1/BCL2 complex (Diskin et al. 2005; Kanno et al. 2011; Viscomi et al. 2012); enhanced type-III PI3 kinase activity; and autophagic processes.