INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: This suggests that the differences observed in glucose and insulin levels were not confounded by differences in skeletal muscle mass but rather may have been a function of adiposity or due to changes in the gut microbiome as current models of obesity-induced insulin resistance maintain (Turnbaugh et al., 2009; Ley, 2010; Ridaura et al., 2013; Duvallet et al., 2017; González-Muniesa et al., 2017; Gomes et al., 2018).