In vitro studies have shown that SKI-II decreases cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis (increased PARP cleavage, increased caspase cleavage, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax levels) (124, 126, 129, 130, 135–137, 142, 144–146), autophagy (137), necrosis (136), endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and cell cycle arrest [increased levels of p27 and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)] (124, 130, 145). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is cancer.