PRND and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Prion-like protein doppel (PRND), a paralog of the prion (PrP) protein, was upregulated in many malignant diseases, including astrocytomas, osteosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes(Travaglino et al., 2005; Comincini et al., 2007; Sollazzo et al., 2012; Al-Hilal et al., 2016).