In head and neck SSC, the Poropatich group identified a subgroup pDCs expressing high levels of OX40 in the tumor microenvironment, which is conducive to anti-tumor immunity by increasing the expression levels of local IL-12 and IFN-α and enhancing the interaction between cDC and CD8+ T cell via OX40/OX40L-signaling axis (112). Here, TNFSF4 is linked to neoplasm.