Due to the synergism of the above calcium overload and ROS production, the expression level of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP 2, a typical indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction54,55) in the FMUP-L group was markedly stronger than that in the other groups (Fig. 7g), indicating the most substantial mitochondrial damage in tumor cells in vivo. The gene discussed is UCP2; the disease is neoplasm.