PTEN and vascular malformation: And recurrently mutated genes were identified in several vascular malformations as well including TEK/TIE2 mainly in venous malformations [31], GNA11/14 mainly in vascular tumors [32], KRAS/NRAS/RASA1/HRAS mainly in AVMs [33], GNAQ [34], IDH1/2 [35], AKT1, PTEN and PIK3CA [36].