TNF and infection: These experiments revealed that infection-naive recipients of the long dosing interval generated a higher interleukin-2 (IL-2) CD4+ response to S compared with the short dosing interval, along with higher IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) CD4+ responses (Figure 4B), whereas the CD8+ response was reversed, with lower IFNγ responses for the long interval (Figure 4C).