CCL2 and cancer: In addition to recruiting immunosuppressive cell types to the TME and deviating anti-tumor immune cell types from cancer nests, chemokines secreted by fibroblasts, such as CXCL8, CXCL12, and CCL2, had been implicated in polarizing resident macrophages and neutrophils toward a protumor versus an antitumor phenotype [35, 36].