ALB and colonic neoplasm: Gao et al. (2019) used human serum albumin (HSA) combined with BPBBT, a lipophilic D-A-D NIR-II fluorophores, to construct BPBBT nanoparticles (BPBBT NPs) (Figure 4F). The specific binding changes the planarity and limits the intramolecular rotation of the fluorophores, and modulates its fluorescence and photothermal conversion properties (Figure 4G). The tiny colon tumors (0.5 × 0.3 mm) can be clearly visualized in mice under the guidance of BPBBT NPs fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, BPBBT NPs allow effective photothermal ablation therapy of tumors (Figure 4H,I) (Gao et al., 2019).