In the present study, to comprehensively assess the immune status of LARC and its correlation to clinical outcomes after nCRT, we developed a 12-antibody panel containing the major TIIC subsets (including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ CTLs, Tregs, NK cells, B cells, monocytes, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)) for the analysis of LARC biopsy samples by IMC. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.