GSTM1 and cancer: Applying these targets in hemodialysis (HD) to improve the quality of life yielded mixed results.5-7 Large trials to normalize Hb levels in patients with anemia and ESRD on dialysis revealed increased stroke risk, mortality, recurrence of cancers, and lack of improvement in cardiovascular disease.8-11 These findings have led to a change in the Hb targets in patients with ESRD on dialysis.