INS and Insulin resistance: It is characterised by dysglycaemia, resultant from a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, and confers a two- to four fold increased risk of heart failure (HF)(2) even after adjustment for the prevalence of other traditional risk factors, such as sex, age, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and dyslipidaemia, which are inherent among people with T2D(3).