In our preclinical studies, we observed that natural killer (NK) cells were involved in P10s-mediated tumor eradication, and that the data generated in the Phase I clinical trial of P10s-PADRE indicate activation of NK cells, as shown by increased expression of the NKp46 (NCR1, natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1) marker on circulating NK cells [16]. This evidence concerns the gene NCR1 and neoplasm.