Plasma levels of MIP1α and MIP1β were comparable in control vs SLE patients (Figures 4F, G); however, both MIP1α and MIP1β levels were significantly increased after 17β-estradiol treatment (Figures 5D, F) in SLE patients’ but not in healthy control (Figures 5C, E) PBMCs in vitro. We found that fold increases were much higher in SLE patients’ cells compared to healthy control cells. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and systemic lupus erythematosus.