The ELISA results presented as heatmaps indicate that the anti-RBD pAbs had no significant influence on the secretion of the allergy-relevant cytokine IL-13 through either intranasal or tail intravenous intake in vivo (Figures 5B, C), demonstrating that the anti-RBD pAbs did not induce significant allergic responses in the mouse models. Here, IL13 is linked to allergic disease.