Clearly, the intimate relationship among SAA/HDL/cholesterol has implicated SAA in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (Mun et al., 2021), atherosclerosis (Webb, 2021), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Kim et al., 2014) and insulin resistance (Li et al., 2021). Here, SAA1 is linked to alcoholic liver cirrhosis.