NRAS and acute myeloid leukemia: Given that mutations of epigenetic regulators (e.g. EZH2) often co-occur with mutations in signaling (e.g. NRAS) or lineage-regulating transcriptional factors to drive clonal progression of myeloid malignancies57, our results suggest that the aberrant upregulation of GEM may be generally observed in AML through combinations of oncogenic mutations.