CTLA4 and neoplasm: Hence, we hypothesized that following the administration of triple therapy in αPD-1-resistant cell lines, tumour cells may escape the attack of immune cells through other escape mechanisms rather than by expressing the immunosuppressive molecule PD-1, such as the expression of other immunosuppressive molecules CTLA-4 [48] and TIM3 [49, 50], the increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules [51, 52] or the decreased expression of antigens expressed by tumour cells [53, 54].