IL13 and asthma: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered group of innate immune cells, and group-2 ILCs (ILC2s) have been shown to have a significant role in allergic diseases including asthma.52 While there are no studies on ILC2s in ABPA specifically it is likely that these cells which respond to allergen exposure and when activated cause release of type-2 cytokines (including interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13) resulting in eosinophilia and mucus hypersecretion may also be involved in the pathogenesis of ABPA and therefore may be a future therapeutic target.