Th1 cytokines enhance cytotoxic and macrophage activity and therefore promote fungal clearance.54 The host response to Aspergillus in ABPA however is skewed towards a Th2 response, and this is thought to cause progressive disease.6 Th2 responses counteract Th1 responses and promote IgE and eosinophilic responses. Here, IGHE is linked to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.