A number of the identified tumour-associated antigens are known to signal via this cascade, HMGN5, TFG, MAEL, SOX15 and Dicckopf-1, the latter of which has been investigated in numerous other biomarker signatures [28–30] and like TFG interacts via the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 [31]. The gene discussed is MAEL; the disease is neoplasm.