TNF and endothelial dysfunction: While studies of circulating markers of systemic inflammation, e.g. hs-CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, in psoriasis have been widely reported, fewer reports are available on biomarkers of subclinical CVD in these patients and such studies frequently examined single proteins, e.g. YKL-40 and leptin, and single subclinical CVD endpoints, e.g. endothelial dysfunction or CIMT17,18,33,35.