In agreement with these observations, supplementation of oleoyl-CoA in liver lysates from normal mice reduced CtBP2/SREBP1 complex formation (Supplementary Fig. 4i), implicating fatty acyl-CoA-mediated CtBP2 inactivation in obesity would lead to the concurrent upregulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene CTBP2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.