CXCL8 and Encephalopathy: To distinguish encephalopathy from infectious encephalitis [7], we analyzed the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, enzyme immunoassay, or chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay in the serum and CSF before and 3 weeks after immunotherapy (Supplemental Table 1).