Galectin-3 is considered a “culprit” biomarker in HF, in contrast to “bystander” biomarkers such as N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) or C reactive protein, as it stimulates pathological remodeling and the development of fibrosis, mainly by inducing fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition5. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and hydrops fetalis.