Innate lymphoid cell type 3 (ILC3s) along with CD4+ Th17 cells and CD8+ Tc17 cells induce type 3 immune responses and have been implicated in IBD and CDI.104,111 ILCs are polarized cell types of CD4 + T helper (Th) cells, which resemble Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell types but lack antigen specificity. Here, CD4 is linked to clostridium difficile infection.