Furthermore, lesion severity is correlated with significantly high levels of 11 neutrophil-associated proteins including calprotectin.21 Also, circulating NE levels are elevated in IBD patients, and this biomarker has been moderately successful at discriminating between active vs remissive cases.40 The NE concentration in the colonic mucosal cells of UC patients has been shown to be elevated, which was also observed to inhibit epithelial proliferation and repair of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.41 The gene discussed is PROS1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.