Helm et al. [51] performed a phenotypic analysis of tumor-associated macrophages derived from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and found that tumor-associated macrophages also showed M1 (human leukocyte histocompatibility antigen-DR, IL-1, or TNF-α) and M2 (mannose receptor CD163 and IL-10) characteristics. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.