In breast cancer, TGF-β induces endothelial cell transformation by recruiting DNMT and histone methyltransferases (EHMT2 and SUV39H1) to the CDH1 gene promoter, which leads to the development of CSCs (Dong et al., 2012, 2013; David and Massague, 2018). Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast cancer.